The Sub S Bank Report – June 2017 (Volume 20, Issue 1)
Subchapter S Bank Bill Introduced In House
HR 2339 was introduced by Representative Kenny Marchant (R-Tex) on May 4, 2017 in the 115th Congress. The bill would permit Subchapter S Banks and their holding companies to have 500 shareholders and to issue preferred stock. The bill is identical to HR 2789 introduced by Rep. Marchant in the 114th Congress with the exception of minor changes recommended by the Joint Committee on Taxation. Those changes limit make the number of preferred shareholders subject to the 500 shareholder limit and limit preferred shareholders to shareholders who could otherwise own Subchapter S stock. In addition, a echnical wording change was made to coordinate the size of the S corp’s deduction for dividends paid on preferred stock with the gains taxable to preferred holders.
Congressman Marchant has asked that the industry encourage their representatives to co-sponsor the bill with him to evidence broad support.
He also asks that the industry secure the commitment of Chairman Brady to include the provisions in the original tax reform bill being drafted and anticipated to be introduced in July 2017.
We invite every bank to request their Congressional representatives to sign on as co-sponsors of the bill, whether you are an S corp bank or a C corp bank, considering an election.
A copy of the bill can be found at https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2339/all-actions?overview=closed
Capital Treatment of Preferred Stock Under H.R. 2339
Bank Stock
For bank issuers of preferred stock, perpetual, non cumulative preferred shares may be treated as tier 1 capital. To be treated as tier 1 capital, the stock must be non-cumulative, must be perpetual, and may not be callable by the holder. The preferred stock must be subordinate to general creditors, subordinated debt, and depositors in the event of a receivership, insolvency, or similar proceeding. With narrow exceptions, preferred stock with additional features, such as cumulative dividends, dividend resets that are tied to market rates, or call features, will be treated as tier 2 capital. The amount of preferred shares that may be treated as tier 1 capital is limited to 25% of the total tier 1 capital, and amounts exceeding 25% of total tier 1 capital will be treated as tier 2 capital.
Small Bank Holding Companies
Small bank holding companies are generally excepted from the capital rules of 12 CFR Part 217. For bank holding company issuers under $1 billion in assets, this means that the holding company may issue preferred stock and invest its proceeds in its subsidiary bank, which may be counted as tier 1 capital common stock for the subsidiary bank. This provides an effective method for bank holding companies under $1 billion to provide additional tier 1 capital for subsidiary banks. Please note that, based upon the risk profile and complexity of the bank and bank holding company, regulators may choose by way of an order to apply capital rules that are normally applicable to institutions with $1 billion or more in assets.
Larger Bank Holding Companies
For bank holding company issuers with assets of $1 billion or more, the issue of perpetual, non-cumulative preferred shares may be treated as tier 1 capital. As with bank stock, the amount of preferred shares that may be treated as tier 1 capital is limited to 25% of the total tier 1 capital. Additional amounts in excess of 25% will be treated as tier 2 capital. As described above for bank issuers, most preferred shares with additional features, such as dividend cumulation, limited maturities, or a call feature for the holder cannot be treated as tier 1 capital and must be included in tier 2 capital.
Benefits of H.R. 2339
H.R. 2339 provides an additional tool for Subchapter S banks to raise capital. In contrast with an issue of additional common stock, issuing preferred stock is non-dilutive to common equity holders. In addition, an issue of preferred shares will not confer voting rights on new shareholders or alter the voting rights of current shareholders. Stockholders who do not want to manage, or stockholders who no longer wish to actively oversee bank operations may find a preferred dividend more attractive than their current shares of voting stock. Stockholders in these categories may include estates, trusts, retired directors or stockholding managers, or shareholders with small holdings.
SubS Legistlative Task Force Report
Sub S Legislative Task Force meets every 3 weeks in a dial in conference call which lasts no more than 15- 30 minutes. We encourage you to designate join the Task Force which is made up of CEOs and their active designees. The goal is to develop tactical plans to support the legislative effort and to monitor the important tax legislation being worked on by the Congress and Administration. Valuable insights are shared by the Association Executive Team as well as Bank CEOs who are key participants at ABA and ICBA and a number of state associations.
New Sub S Bill Modified from Prior Bill
The recently introduced SubS Capital Access Bill HR 2339 was modified by Sub S Bank Association and Congressman Marchant at the suggestion of Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) primarily to cut back on the anticipated cost of the bill as initially envisioned by JCT. These discussions with JCT took place in June 2016 and we are still awaiting JCT's scoring conclusions. Several SubS Bank CEO's attended this meeting and saw first hand how JCT has a powerful influence over such legislation.
JCT Position on cost
The JCT took the position that numbers of shareholders drives up the cost to the Treasury using the assumption that new Sub S Bank investors would be taking funds from taxable investments and investing. We asserted that this does not necessarily follow. First, it's about the amount of new capital coming into a Sub S Bank not necessarily the number of shareholders; secondly, most new community bank investment is going to come from idle cash, generally not earning much if anything and easily in a tax exempt or pass-thru investment instrument.
Sub s bank association research shows no cost- more research dollars needed
The SubS Bank Association provided research to the JCT which actually supports " no cost" a score for the bill and a potential positive to the US Treasury. While this conclusion was intuitive based on our decades of experience in this area, it was actually based on call report analysis of all S corp and C Corp banks during 2014-2015. This research was performed for us by a Georgetown University graduate student who is now employed at the Bureau of Statistics. We would like to be able to update and formalize this research but do not have the funds available to do this. We had been communicating with some University Professor/ researchers who had proposed to do some data analysis on SubS Banks which would have assisted us in this legislative effort, specifically proving our point to JCT. The cost estimates were $30-40K and we would be most appreciative if one or more banks would like to step forward to help fund this effort, it would be much appreciated and very helpful as we deal with JCT. We understand that similar studies in other industries have come to the same conclusion.
JCT has yet to provide a score for the bill despite continued urging from Congressman Marchant and Senator Cornyn who wants to introduce the bill in the Senate. JCT says they are swamped with scoring chores on the health care and tax reform legislation, but we think with more co-sponsors and urging from Members of Congress, their priorities could be changed.
SubS Legistlative Task Force Report
Sub S Legislative Task Force meets every 3 weeks in a dial in conference call which lasts no more than 15-30 minutes. We encourage you to designate join the Task Force which is made up of CEOs and their active designees. The goal is to develop tactical plans to support the legislative effort and to monitor the important tax legislation being worked on by the Congress and Administration. Valuable insights are shared by the Association Executive Team as well as Bank CEOs who are key participants at ABA and ICBA and a number of state associations. Please contact Patrick Kennedy or Amy Willcox for more information. Our next call will take place Thursday, June 29th at 3:00pm.
Tax Reform initiative Continues
Bill Expected Soon – A conversation with Speaker Ryan
Tax Reform progresses in the House and Administration and current information from committee members and in a recent conversation with the Speaker suggest a bill will be introduced sometime this month or early July prior to the summer recess in August, providing some time over the recess to study and react to provisions. Congressional Members believe a bill will be passed by December. In a visit on May 31, Speaker Ryan told us the House under Chairman Brady's leadership, the White House and Senate are working on the bill. He advised that the bill reflects the Republican Blueprint he and Chairman Brady published last June – and that the White House has embraced most of its provisions. He cited the very low corporate rates in Canada, Ireland and many other countries with which we compete and said that after 35 years its time for major tax reform. Despite the barrage of press and "naysayers", our personal visit with Speaker Ryan and key Congressional Republicans is very convincing that they have the will and confidence to get tax reform done.
Corporate tax rates are biggest opportunity
The proposed rate changes for both C and S corp banks under the House or the President's proposals would provide a tremendous benefit to all banks and bank shareholders. In terms of immediate dollars, there is no other higher priority in our view. We strongly urge you to call or write your Congressional representatives and Chairman Brady in support of their efforts.
The House Proposal
The House proposal from June 2016 was di scussed in full in our last newsletter. If the Brady-Ryan Plan is enacted as proposed, Subchapter S bank owners will enjoy significant tax relief. The current maximum rate of 39.6% plus the 3.8% net investment tax would melt down to a 25% rate, all in, which would flow through to individual Subchapter S shareholders. The President elect has proposed a 15% rate, but the details of his plan are by no means evident and our hope is that there would be a place in the middle or even at the Brady Ryan number that would prevail.
While no text has been released, we believe the bill will emerge essentially as originally outlined in the June 2016 Blueprint. The House Blueprint – A Better Way Forward is an eminently readable and very thoughtful document which truly sets out a very well reasoned and researched plan. It is most definitely worth reading and contains nearly 50 footnotes to books, research papers, testimony etc in support of the plan and the problems with our current system which it addresses. See https:// waysandmeans.house.gov/taxreform/
President's View
There is a belief in the House that the President's more aggressive rate cuts proposed during the campaign and again recently in the one page principles outline release of ApriI 26th, 2017, would be too expensive and that there would not be enough "offsets" to pay for it. House Ways & Means Committee members are determined not to balance cuts against revenue so no net cost. This is where the Congressional Policy and Economic Theory get interesting, since many economists and in particular those favored by the President and his team believe that economic impact of tax cuts and tax reform will more than cover the deficits created.
Senate Participation
It is very encouraging to know that the Senate is quietly participating in these discussions. We know from discussions with Senator Cornyn that these conversations are ongoing. We also know that his wisdom is that it is very important to make tax reform a bipartisan effort to ensure its longevity. Whether this can happen remains to be seen.
"Showdown at Gucci Gulch"
"Showdown at Gucci Gulch" is a great book written by two Wall Street Journal reporters about how the last major tax reform got passed through Congress in 1986. It i s quite a read and will give you encouragement that the stars can align to get this done, even though lots of storm clouds appear on the way. See especially the dramatic discussion of the Senate Finance Committee's final vote of approval at the begining of Chapter 1, where the committee vote was 20-0 "For" when no one on the committee let alone all the lobbyist s outside the Committee Hearing room, known as "Gucci Gulch," knew the outcome until the actual vote was taken.
Frankly, we hope the President's view wins out. The combination of a new attitude about regulation, the importance of business certainty in tax matters and regulation will do a tremendous amount to encourage investment and prosperity.
Conclusion
In our work over the last few years on Capitol Hill, we have seen many surprising things happen that were very positive and frankly never get any press. For example, Chairman Luedtkemeyer's passage in December 2015 of a bill to increase the small bank holding company dollar threshold to$1 billion in total assets from $500MM, which helped over 600 bank holding companies in their capital planning and could help another 600 or more banks who do not have holding companies use leverage to fund growth, shareholder liquidity and new opportunities. We are optimistic about the prospects of reform but know that it will not happen without grassroots support from our industry. We can't emphasize enough the importance of each bank, board, shareholders and management encouraging their Congressional Reps to pass Tax Reform and include our SubS Capital Access bill in it.
MAIN STREET FAIRNESS ACT INTRODUCED TO ASSURE PASS-THROUGH PARITY
Congressman Vern Buchanan (R-Fia.) reintroduced his bill this Congress to help pass-through entities which are taxed at even high rates than C corp's are. HR 116 provides as follows.
This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to prevent qualified business income attributed to individuals from being taxed at a higher rate than corporate income.
- a partnership in which the taxpayer holds a capital or profits interest;
- an S corporation in which the taxpayer is a shareholder;
- a sole proprietorship or an entity otherwise disregarded as separate from its sole owner, in which the taxpayer is the sole owner; and
- a trust or estate in which the taxpayer is a beneficiary
- Qualified business income does not include any item taken into account in determining net capital gain or the financial services income of partnerships.
SENATE VERSION OF HR 2339- CAPITAL ACCESS FOR SMALL BUSINESS BANKS PROGRESSING
With Senator Cornyn's commitment to introduce the House version of our bill into the Senate as soon as we have some Democratic co-sponsors, we have a significant opportunity. The Senator who is the Majority Whip, the second most powerful position in the Senate, is also a member of the Senate Finance Committee, where the Tax Reform legislation will ultimately come as a last key step before passage. He plans to mark the bill up which will be the predicate to include it if it is not already in the tax reform proposal from the House. This would of course be thing to happen since the biII would already have been scored as a part of the comprehensive package.
We have met with the following Senate Offices on the Democratic side and briefed each legislative and tax policy director.
Florida- Senator Bill Nelson
Pennsylvania- Senator Bob Casey
All we need now is a push from constituent banks in each State. These efforts are underway in Florida but we need help from other states. For a draft letter to send to your Senators, please contact Amy Willcox at awillcox@kslawllp.com
Here is a list of other Senate Finance Committee members which we need to have sign the Senate version:
Idaho- Senator Chuck Grassley
Indiana- Senator Mike Crapo
Kansas- Senator Pat Roberts
Wyoming- Senator Michael Enzi
Texas- Senator John Cornyn
South Dakota- Senator John Thune
North Caroloina- Senator Richard Burr
Georgia- Senator Johnny Isakson
Ohio- Senator Rob Protman
Pensylvania- Senator Patrick Toomey
Nevada- Senator Dean Heller
South Carolina- Senator Tim Scott
Louisianna- Senator Bill Cassidy
Michigan- Senator Debbie Stabenow
Washington- Senator Maria Cantwell
Florida- Senator Bill Nelson
New Jersey- Senator Robert Menendez
Delaware- Senator Thomas R. Carper
Maryland- Senator Benjamin L. Cardin
Ohio- Senator Sherrod Brown
Colorado- Senator Michael F. Bennet
Virginia- Senator Mark R. Warner
Missouri- Senator Claire McCaskill
Don't Lose Your S Election: It promises to be even more valuable under any tax reform proposal
All signs are that S corps and other pass through business entities will fare even better under all scenarios being discussed. The devil is in the detail however, which is hard to predict at this point. In summary, S corp income would be taxed at a 25% rate under the House proposal and 15% under the President's proposal rather than the current individual rate of 39.6% plus 3.8%. Net investment income tax for non-active shareholders plus applicable state income rates. C corp's would be taxed at 20% rate under House proposals and dividend income would be taxed at 50% of the individual's marginal rate up to 33% under House Proposal and 35% under the President's proposal.
S corp and pass-through's advantage and potential abuse
There has been a fairly significant amount of press about the potential for abuse and almost an assumption of abuse among pass-through entities under the proposed rate changes. The suggestion has been that S corp shareholders, LLC members and partners in a partnership would reduce their salaries (which are taxed at ordinary income rates) and move that compensation into dividend/distribution or net taxable income that would flow through to individuals and be taxed at the hopefully new "flow- thru rates of 15-25% rather than the highest proposed individual rates of 33-35%.
Congressman Marchant, our bill sponsor and a senior member of the Ways & Means Committee discussed this concept with us recently during a visit to his office in DC. He says the Committee is working on a "safe harbor" that would establish a ''70/30" rule. This idea comes from the prior work of former Chairman Camp, which would provide a strict ratio of wagers (70%) to net income (30%) amd tax any net income above that ratio at the higher "wage" or ordinary income rate. The Brady- Ryan Blueprint has this to say about the concept:
"Today, 95 percent of businesses in the United States are operated as sole proprietorships or pass-through entities such as partnerships, limited liability companies (which are taxed in the same manner as partnerships), and S corporations. Moreover, more than 50 percent of business income in the United States is earned through sole proprietorships or pass through entities. Business income earned through a sole proprietorship or a pass-through entity today is reported by the owner or owners of the business on their individual tax returns and is taxed at an income tax rate as high as 44.6 percent. This Blueprint will limit the tax rate that applies to small business and pass-through income to the 25 percent bracket. In other words, the 33 percent bracket will not apply to the active business income of sole proprietorships and pass-through entities. This represents the lowest top tax rate on the income of such businesses since before World War II. Under this new approach for taxing small businesses, sole proprietorships and pass-through businesses will pay or be treated as having paid reasonable compensation to their owner-operators. Such compensation will be deductible by the business and will be subject to tax at the graduated rates for families and individuals. The compensation that is taxed at the lowest individual tax bracket rate of 12 percent effectively will further reduce the total income tax burden on these small businesses and pass-through entities.
We will urge the Committee and staff to avoid getting too concerned about this because particularly in the banking industry where there are pretty accepted standards on compensation and the likelihood of "rate manipulation" is in our opinion very low.
WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP
In case you can't tell from this Sub S Bank Report, we are very excited about the prospects of meaningful tax rate reduction and expansion of Subchapter S Bank Capital Access. Now more than anytime in the last 20 years has there been such a big opportunity. I strongly encourage you to take some time and step back from your usual busy day to day routine to help make the difference.
1. Call and write your Congressional Representatives and their staffs and express your support for meaning tax reform in the form of rate reduction for C and S corps as outlined by the House Blueprint; also encourage them to support HR 2339 by co sponsoring the bill and asking Chairman Brady to include it in the intitial tax reform package.
2. Ask your Senator's to support the Senate Version of the Bill soon to be introduced, so it can be a bipartisan effort;
3. Send a check to Sub S Bank Association – Legislative Fund to help support our efforts;
$150,000 needed.
4. Consider sending a check to fund data research on Sub S bank issues to support tax reform and Sub S legislative efforts – $35,000 needed;
5. Consider contributions to Chairman Brady, Senator Cornyn, Congressman Marchant and others; we can channel your direct contributions or assist you in getting them to the right place.
6. Encourage Board and Shareholder Participation in these issues;
7. Call us if you need background materials, draft letters of support etc.
Thank you very much!!
OCC and FDIC Issue New Guidance On De Novo Charters
The OCC issued an updated licensing manual on new bank charters last September. The guidance is comprehensive and certainly reflects the more current regulatory environment, including the importance of corporate governance, technology and systems, risk measurement and planning. The Guidance is a "user friendly" roadmap to organizing groups and clearly invites new bank charters. The guidance specifically references the possibility that a de novo bank could be organized as an S corp from the beginning and provides some specific recommendations and guidelines that result from the S election.
The FDIC similarly issued guidance on its deposit insurance application process which essentially is bundled into one application with a new national bank. The guidance was first published in November
2016 for comment by the public and issued in final form April 2017. In addition to recognizing and dealing with the uniqueness of a Sub S Bank applying for deposit insurance in connection with a new charter, the guidance addresses corporate governance practices in some detail. Specifically, it sets out guidelines for membership on the board of directors of the proposed bank, director independence, talent acquisition and succession and separately discusses duties and responsibilities of bank holding company directors in contrast to their subsidiary bank directors. The guidance provides as follows:
MORE TO KNOW: Additional Considerations in
Board/Management Selections
Board Member Independence
Typically, the FDIC requires the majority of the board of directors to be independent directors. An independent director is generally defined as a director that is (a) not a principal, member, officer, or employee of the institution, and (b) not a principal, member, director, officer, or employee of any affiliate or principal shareholder.
The proposed institution's audit committee should meet applicable independent director requirements as set forth in Part 363 of the FDIC Rules and Regulations and the Interagency Policy Statement on External Auditing Programs of Banks and Savings
Associations. Institutions with less than $500 million in assets are strongly encouraged to establish an audit committee consisting entirely of outside directors.
Individuals with Substantial Influence
• The FDIC closely evaluates any circumstance in which a proposed individual will substantially influence the institution beyond that expected given their official role. In such situations, organizers should ensure that appropriate mitigating factors are implemented, such as well-developed business plans, sufficient board independence and oversight, and effective internal controls.
Management Succession Planning and Talent Development
Management succession planning and talent development are important for a new institution to ensure continuity in key senior management positions. "
The FDIC recognizes that banks can be organized as both S Corps and LLCs and provides as follows:
"A de novo institution may elect to be incorporated as a C Corporation (C Corp), an S Corporation (S Corp), or a limited liability company (LLC). There are notable differences between corporate forms with respect to the number of allowable shareholders, the terms of prospective capital distributions, and the tax treatment of income and losses.
For example, the C Corp allows for an unlimited number of shareholders, while S Corps are restricted by Internal Revenue Service regulations as to the number of shareholders. A C Corp pays taxes on its income directly, while its shareholders are taxed on cash dividends. Alternatively, an S Corp passes through taxable income or losses directly to shareholders, who report those earnings on individual tax returns. Shareholders of both the C Corp and S Corp are generally subject to limited shareholder liability.
Although there are not presently any insured institutions incorporated as LLCs, rules for LLCs are provided in state law and Section 303.15 of the FDIC Rules and Regulations. De novo organizers should thoroughly consider the legal, tax, and capital implications associated with a particular corporate form and choose the corporate structure that best suits their business
strategy."
House Financial Institutions Subcommittee On De Novos
I was honored to be asked to testify before the House Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection Subcommittee on March 21, 2017. A summary of my remarks are included below.
Mr. Patrick Kennedy, on behalf of the Subchapter S Bank Association, noted that nearly 113 of charters maintain sub-S status, with around 90% of these located in rural communities. In 2008, there were approximately100 applications for new bank charter insuranee filed with the FDIC, of which 28 were approved. 33 were filed in 2009, but none were approved; 6 were filed in 2010, and a total of 10 through 2016. Kennedy opined that the decline in charters was the result of a 2009 FDIC decision that required that applications for FDIC insurance provide a 7 year business plan, evidence of a capital cushion above required minimums, and an extension of monitoring from 3 to 7 years. Additionally, the FDIC imposed prior approval in any change to the proposed business plan. These capital and regulatory pressures had a negative impact; it is clear that Dodd Frank released a plethora of new impositions on banks and credit unions. These added costs by Dodd Frank and Basel Ill significantly impaired financial institutions' inability to provide products to consumers. Kennedy further speculated that the 7 year business plan and compliance period was the most significant regulation impacting new charters, and he commended the April 2016 return to the 3 year business plan/capital period. This is likely why the number of charters has started to increase.
Full Hearing can be found at https://financialservices.house.gov/calendar/eventsingle.aspx?EventiD=401576
Our firm is please to have been selected to file the first new national bank charter application since 2008 late last year. The Bank has received preliminary approval from the OCC and expects to be open for business in Winter Park Florida in August 2017. It is being organized as an S corp from the beginning – a trend we hope to encourage and continue.
20th Annual Subchapter S Bank Association Conference Set for October 26-27, 2017
Another ambitious Agenda has been organized for our 20th Annual Conference.
Draft Agenda and registration link can be found here:
Register: https://events.r20.constantcontact.com/register/eventReg?oeidk=a07ee1w39nk9d78e5bf&oseq=&c=&ch=
Agenda: http://files.constantcontact.com/8c5c2ed6201/0a026c8c-0e0d-460f-8fd6-1c9432a68a7f.pdf
S Corp vs. C Corp Analysis To Be Featured At Conference
Conference attendees who register for the Conference by August 31, 2017 will receive a complimentary S corp v. C Corp analysis. Assuming you are already an S Corp, this analysis will compare your financial performance as an S corp as if you were a C corp. In addition, we will attempt to compare your Bank performance as if it were operating under the proposed House tax rate regime- as an S vs. C. Most of the inputs will come from publicly available call report and holding company information but you may be asked to provide some non-public information such as estimated tax rates and related information. We view this as a significant value to your organization since we here many questions and concerns about what they should be doing or thinking about.
The Agenda will also include a specific workshop where the methodology and assumptions are reviewed and explained. For further information contact Amy Willcox at awillcox@kslaw.llp.com
Sub S Bank Association Announces New Executive Director
Amy WiIIcox has been named Executive Director of the Association effective May 24,2017. Amy is a graduate ofthe University of Texas in Austin and has held important positions in the hospitalily industry for the past 11 years, including as a Meeting Planning Executive. We are very pleased to have her on board and look forward to utilizing her organizational skills for the benefit of our members and the industry.
"It is a pleasure to have joined the Subchapter S Bank Association and I consider myself fortunate to have been given this opportunity. I look forward to working with each of you and getting to know you in the near future!"
Amy Willcox can be reached at 210-802-4285 or awillcox@kslawllp.com
Shareholder Management Platform Continues To Rack Up Kudos
The Association engaged a team of software developers several years ago to develop a shareholder management system (SMS) especially designed for S corp banks and bank holding companies. The system is now operational in a number banks, who report very positive results. The SMS serves as a comprehensive shareholder communication and recordkeeping solution, replacing stock ledgers, excel spreadsheets and on-premises server based systems. It is interactive and can be used to digitally transmit information such as K-1s, proxy statements and other reports to shareholders. In addition, dividends can be delivered through directly into your shareholders’ bank account either at the bank or elsewhere through the generation of distribution reports and a related ACH file for each report, saving significant time and expense over cutting checks. For further information contact Amy Willcox, Dub Sutherland or Pat Kennedy (pkennedy@kslawllp.com) or click on
the following link for a demo. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8NK9Orr0MbMZmh0elk2RmNEeHM/view